perf(editor): implement dirty-line invalidation

Sources/SaplingEditor/EditorDirtyLineInvalidation.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import Foundation
+
+public struct EditorDirtyLineInvalidationPlan: Hashable, Sendable {
+    public var reason: EditorRenderReason
+    public var isFullRender: Bool
+    public var dirtyLineIndexes: [Int]
+    public var changedRange: NSRange?
+
+    public init(
+        reason: EditorRenderReason,
+        isFullRender: Bool,
+        dirtyLineIndexes: [Int],
+        changedRange: NSRange? = nil
+    ) {
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.isFullRender = isFullRender
+        self.dirtyLineIndexes = dirtyLineIndexes
+        self.changedRange = changedRange
+    }
+
+    public var dirtyLineCount: Int {
+        dirtyLineIndexes.count
+    }
+
+    public var requiresStyling: Bool {
+        isFullRender || !dirtyLineIndexes.isEmpty
+    }
+}
+
+public enum EditorDirtyLineInvalidator {
+    public static func plan(
+        previousText: String?,
+        currentText: String,
+        previousActiveLineIndex: Int?,
+        currentActiveLineIndex: Int
+    ) -> EditorDirtyLineInvalidationPlan {
+        let currentLines = EditorActiveLineTracker.lines(
+            from: currentText,
+            activeLineIndex: currentActiveLineIndex
+        )
+
+        guard let previousText else {
+            return EditorDirtyLineInvalidationPlan(
+                reason: .initial,
+                isFullRender: true,
+                dirtyLineIndexes: currentLines.map(\.index)
+            )
+        }
+
+        var dirtyLineIndexes = Set<Int>()
+        let reason: EditorRenderReason
+        var changedRange: NSRange?
+
+        if previousText != currentText {
+            reason = .sourceChange
+            changedRange = changedUTF16Range(from: previousText, to: currentText)
+            dirtyLineIndexes.formUnion(
+                lineIndexesAffected(
+                    by: changedRange ?? NSRange(location: 0, length: currentText.utf16.count),
+                    in: currentText,
+                    lineCount: currentLines.count
+                )
+            )
+        } else if previousActiveLineIndex != currentActiveLineIndex {
+            reason = .activeLineChange
+        } else {
+            reason = .viewUpdate
+        }
+
+        if let previousActiveLineIndex,
+           previousActiveLineIndex != currentActiveLineIndex {
+            dirtyLineIndexes.insert(previousActiveLineIndex)
+            dirtyLineIndexes.insert(currentActiveLineIndex)
+        }
+
+        let validLineIndexes = dirtyLineIndexes
+            .filter { (0..<currentLines.count).contains($0) }
+            .sorted()
+
+        return EditorDirtyLineInvalidationPlan(
+            reason: reason,
+            isFullRender: false,
+            dirtyLineIndexes: validLineIndexes,
+            changedRange: changedRange
+        )
+    }
+
+    private static func changedUTF16Range(from oldText: String, to newText: String) -> NSRange {
+        let old = oldText as NSString
+        let new = newText as NSString
+        let commonLength = min(old.length, new.length)
+
+        var prefixLength = 0
+        while prefixLength < commonLength,
+              old.character(at: prefixLength) == new.character(at: prefixLength) {
+            prefixLength += 1
+        }
+
+        var oldSuffixStart = old.length
+        var newSuffixStart = new.length
+        while oldSuffixStart > prefixLength,
+              newSuffixStart > prefixLength,
+              old.character(at: oldSuffixStart - 1) == new.character(at: newSuffixStart - 1) {
+            oldSuffixStart -= 1
+            newSuffixStart -= 1
+        }
+
+        return NSRange(location: prefixLength, length: max(0, newSuffixStart - prefixLength))
+    }
+
+    private static func lineIndexesAffected(
+        by changedRange: NSRange,
+        in source: String,
+        lineCount: Int
+    ) -> Set<Int> {
+        guard lineCount > 0 else { return [] }
+
+        let sourceLength = source.utf16.count
+        let startLocation = max(0, min(changedRange.location, sourceLength))
+        let endLocation: Int
+        if changedRange.length == 0 {
+            endLocation = startLocation
+        } else {
+            endLocation = max(startLocation, min(changedRange.upperBound - 1, sourceLength))
+        }
+
+        let startLine = EditorActiveLineTracker.lineIndex(containing: startLocation, in: source)
+        let endLine = EditorActiveLineTracker.lineIndex(containing: endLocation, in: source)
+        let lowerBound = max(0, min(startLine, endLine) - 1)
+        let upperBound = min(lineCount - 1, max(startLine, endLine) + 1)
+
+        return Set(lowerBound...upperBound)
+    }
+}
+
+private extension NSRange {
+    var upperBound: Int {
+        location + length
+    }
+}

Sources/SaplingEditor/EditorInstrumentation.swift

@@ -12,53 +12,77 @@ public struct EditorRenderPassMetric: Hashable, Sendable {
     public var durationMilliseconds: Double
     public var characterCount: Int
     public var lineCount: Int
+    public var dirtyLineCount: Int
     public var activeLineIndex: Int
+    public var isFullRender: Bool
+    public var restoredScrollPosition: Bool
 
     public init(
         reason: EditorRenderReason,
         durationMilliseconds: Double,
         characterCount: Int,
         lineCount: Int,
-        activeLineIndex: Int
+        dirtyLineCount: Int = 0,
+        activeLineIndex: Int,
+        isFullRender: Bool = false,
+        restoredScrollPosition: Bool = false
     ) {
         self.reason = reason
         self.durationMilliseconds = durationMilliseconds
         self.characterCount = characterCount
         self.lineCount = lineCount
+        self.dirtyLineCount = dirtyLineCount
         self.activeLineIndex = activeLineIndex
+        self.isFullRender = isFullRender
+        self.restoredScrollPosition = restoredScrollPosition
     }
 }
 
 public struct EditorInstrumentationSnapshot: Hashable, Sendable {
     public var sourceChangeCount: Int
     public var selectionChangeCount: Int
+    public var selectionUpdateCount: Int
     public var activeLineChangeCount: Int
     public var renderPassCount: Int
+    public var fullRenderCount: Int
+    public var totalDirtyLineCount: Int
+    public var scrollRestorationCount: Int
     public var totalRenderDurationMilliseconds: Double
     public var lastRenderDurationMilliseconds: Double
     public var lastRenderCharacterCount: Int
     public var lastRenderLineCount: Int
+    public var lastDirtyLineCount: Int
     public var lastRenderReason: EditorRenderReason?
 
     public init(
         sourceChangeCount: Int = 0,
         selectionChangeCount: Int = 0,
+        selectionUpdateCount: Int = 0,
         activeLineChangeCount: Int = 0,
         renderPassCount: Int = 0,
+        fullRenderCount: Int = 0,
+        totalDirtyLineCount: Int = 0,
+        scrollRestorationCount: Int = 0,
         totalRenderDurationMilliseconds: Double = 0,
         lastRenderDurationMilliseconds: Double = 0,
         lastRenderCharacterCount: Int = 0,
         lastRenderLineCount: Int = 0,
+        lastDirtyLineCount: Int = 0,
         lastRenderReason: EditorRenderReason? = nil
     ) {
         self.sourceChangeCount = sourceChangeCount
         self.selectionChangeCount = selectionChangeCount
+        self.selectionUpdateCount = selectionUpdateCount
         self.activeLineChangeCount = activeLineChangeCount
         self.renderPassCount = renderPassCount
+        self.fullRenderCount = fullRenderCount
+        self.totalDirtyLineCount = totalDirtyLineCount
+        self.scrollRestorationCount = scrollRestorationCount
         self.totalRenderDurationMilliseconds = totalRenderDurationMilliseconds
         self.lastRenderDurationMilliseconds = lastRenderDurationMilliseconds
         self.lastRenderCharacterCount = lastRenderCharacterCount
         self.lastRenderLineCount = lastRenderLineCount
+        self.lastDirtyLineCount = lastDirtyLineCount
         self.lastRenderReason = lastRenderReason
     }
 
@@ -73,6 +97,7 @@ public struct EditorInstrumentationSnapshot: Hashable, Sendable {
 
     public mutating func recordSelectionChange() {
         selectionChangeCount += 1
+        selectionUpdateCount += 1
     }
 
     public mutating func recordActiveLineChange() {
@@ -81,10 +106,38 @@ public struct EditorInstrumentationSnapshot: Hashable, Sendable {
 
     public mutating func recordRenderPass(_ metric: EditorRenderPassMetric) {
         renderPassCount += 1
+        if metric.isFullRender {
+            fullRenderCount += 1
+        }
+        totalDirtyLineCount += metric.dirtyLineCount
+        if metric.restoredScrollPosition {
+            scrollRestorationCount += 1
+        }
         totalRenderDurationMilliseconds += metric.durationMilliseconds
         lastRenderDurationMilliseconds = metric.durationMilliseconds
         lastRenderCharacterCount = metric.characterCount
         lastRenderLineCount = metric.lineCount
+        lastDirtyLineCount = metric.dirtyLineCount
         lastRenderReason = metric.reason
     }
 }
+
+#if DEBUG
+public enum EditorDiagnostics {
+    public static var isRenderLoggingEnabled = false
+
+    public static func logRenderPass(_ metric: EditorRenderPassMetric) {
+        guard isRenderLoggingEnabled else { return }
+
+        print(
+            "SaplingEditor render reason=\(metric.reason.rawValue) "
+                + "full=\(metric.isFullRender) "
+                + "dirtyLines=\(metric.dirtyLineCount)/\(metric.lineCount) "
+                + "chars=\(metric.characterCount) "
+                + "activeLine=\(metric.activeLineIndex) "
+                + "durationMs=\(String(format: "%.3f", metric.durationMilliseconds)) "
+                + "scrollRestored=\(metric.restoredScrollPosition)"
+        )
+    }
+}
+#endif

Sources/SaplingEditor/HybridMarkdownEditor.swift

@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ public final class HybridMarkdownEditorViewModel: ObservableObject, EditorCoordi
 
     public func recordRenderPass(_ metric: EditorRenderPassMetric) {
         instrumentation.recordRenderPass(metric)
+        #if DEBUG
+        EditorDiagnostics.logRenderPass(metric)
+        #endif
     }
 
     public func save() throws {
@@ -213,6 +216,7 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: NSViewRepresentable {
             context.coordinator.performProgrammaticUpdate {
                 textView.string = text
             }
+            context.coordinator.invalidateStylingCache()
         }
 
         let selectedRange = selection.range
@@ -256,16 +260,18 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: NSViewRepresentable {
 
         func applyHybridAttributes(to textView: NSTextView) {
             guard let textStorage = textView.textStorage else { return }
-            guard shouldRestyle(textView.string) else { return }
+            let invalidationPlan = invalidationPlan(for: textView.string)
+            guard invalidationPlan.requiresStyling else { return }
 
             let selectedRange = textView.selectedRange()
             let visibleOrigin = textView.enclosingScrollView?.contentView.bounds.origin
-            let reason = renderReason(for: textView.string)
             let start = Date()
-            var lineCount = 0
+            var stylingResult = MarkdownTextStylingResult.empty
+            var didRestoreVisibleOrigin = false
             performProgrammaticUpdate {
-                lineCount = MarkdownTextStyler.apply(
+                stylingResult = MarkdownTextStyler.apply(
                     to: textStorage,
+                    invalidationPlan: invalidationPlan,
                     activeLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex,
                     backgroundColor: .textBackgroundColor,
                     activeLineBackgroundColor: .controlAccentColor.withAlphaComponent(0.10),
@@ -277,17 +283,20 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: NSViewRepresentable {
                    selectedRange.location <= textView.string.utf16.count {
                     textView.setSelectedRange(selectedRange)
                 }
-                restoreVisibleOrigin(visibleOrigin, in: textView)
+                didRestoreVisibleOrigin = restoreVisibleOrigin(visibleOrigin, in: textView)
             }
 
             lastStyledText = textView.string
             lastStyledActiveLineIndex = parent.activeLineIndex
             parent.onRenderPass(EditorRenderPassMetric(
-                reason: reason,
+                reason: invalidationPlan.reason,
                 durationMilliseconds: Date().timeIntervalSince(start) * 1000,
                 characterCount: textView.string.utf16.count,
-                lineCount: lineCount,
+                lineCount: stylingResult.totalLineCount,
-                activeLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex
+                dirtyLineCount: stylingResult.styledLineCount,
+                activeLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex,
+                isFullRender: invalidationPlan.isFullRender,
+                restoredScrollPosition: didRestoreVisibleOrigin
             ))
         }
 
@@ -325,31 +334,28 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: NSViewRepresentable {
             updates()
         }
 
+        func invalidateStylingCache() {
+            lastStyledText = nil
+            lastStyledActiveLineIndex = nil
+        }
+
         private var isPerformingProgrammaticUpdate: Bool {
             programmaticUpdateDepth > 0
         }
 
-        private func shouldRestyle(_ text: String) -> Bool {
+        private func invalidationPlan(for text: String) -> EditorDirtyLineInvalidationPlan {
-            lastStyledText != text || lastStyledActiveLineIndex != parent.activeLineIndex
+            EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+                previousText: lastStyledText,
+                currentText: text,
+                previousActiveLineIndex: lastStyledActiveLineIndex,
+                currentActiveLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex
+            )
         }
 
-        private func renderReason(for text: String) -> EditorRenderReason {
+        private func restoreVisibleOrigin(_ origin: NSPoint?, in textView: NSTextView) -> Bool {
-            if lastStyledText == nil {
-                return .initial
-            }
-            if lastStyledText != text {
-                return .sourceChange
-            }
-            if lastStyledActiveLineIndex != parent.activeLineIndex {
-                return .activeLineChange
-            }
-            return .viewUpdate
-        }
-
-        private func restoreVisibleOrigin(_ origin: NSPoint?, in textView: NSTextView) {
             guard let origin,
                   let scrollView = textView.enclosingScrollView
-            else { return }
+            else { return false }
 
             let maxY = max(0, textView.bounds.height - scrollView.contentView.bounds.height)
             let maxX = max(0, textView.bounds.width - scrollView.contentView.bounds.width)
@@ -359,6 +365,7 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: NSViewRepresentable {
             )
             scrollView.contentView.scroll(to: clampedOrigin)
             scrollView.reflectScrolledClipView(scrollView.contentView)
+            return true
         }
     }
 }
@@ -422,6 +429,7 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: UIViewRepresentable {
             context.coordinator.performProgrammaticUpdate {
                 textView.text = text
             }
+            context.coordinator.invalidateStylingCache()
         }
         context.coordinator.applyHybridAttributes(to: textView)
         context.coordinator.requestInitialFocus(for: textView)
@@ -454,16 +462,18 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: UIViewRepresentable {
         }
 
         func applyHybridAttributes(to textView: UITextView) {
-            guard shouldRestyle(textView.text) else { return }
+            let invalidationPlan = invalidationPlan(for: textView.text)
+            guard invalidationPlan.requiresStyling else { return }
 
             let selectedRange = textView.selectedRange
             let contentOffset = textView.contentOffset
-            let reason = renderReason(for: textView.text)
             let start = Date()
-            var lineCount = 0
+            var stylingResult = MarkdownTextStylingResult.empty
+            var didRestoreContentOffset = false
             performProgrammaticUpdate {
-                lineCount = MarkdownTextStyler.apply(
+                stylingResult = MarkdownTextStyler.apply(
                     to: textView.textStorage,
+                    invalidationPlan: invalidationPlan,
                     activeLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex,
                     backgroundColor: .systemBackground,
                     activeLineBackgroundColor: .systemBlue.withAlphaComponent(0.10),
@@ -476,16 +486,20 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: UIViewRepresentable {
                     textView.selectedRange = selectedRange
                 }
                 textView.setContentOffset(clampedContentOffset(contentOffset, in: textView), animated: false)
+                didRestoreContentOffset = true
             }
 
             lastStyledText = textView.text
             lastStyledActiveLineIndex = parent.activeLineIndex
             parent.onRenderPass(EditorRenderPassMetric(
-                reason: reason,
+                reason: invalidationPlan.reason,
                 durationMilliseconds: Date().timeIntervalSince(start) * 1000,
                 characterCount: textView.text.utf16.count,
-                lineCount: lineCount,
+                lineCount: stylingResult.totalLineCount,
-                activeLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex
+                dirtyLineCount: stylingResult.styledLineCount,
+                activeLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex,
+                isFullRender: invalidationPlan.isFullRender,
+                restoredScrollPosition: didRestoreContentOffset
             ))
         }
 
@@ -511,25 +525,22 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: UIViewRepresentable {
             }
         }
 
+        func invalidateStylingCache() {
+            lastStyledText = nil
+            lastStyledActiveLineIndex = nil
+        }
+
         private var isPerformingProgrammaticUpdate: Bool {
             programmaticUpdateDepth > 0
         }
 
-        private func shouldRestyle(_ text: String) -> Bool {
+        private func invalidationPlan(for text: String) -> EditorDirtyLineInvalidationPlan {
-            lastStyledText != text || lastStyledActiveLineIndex != parent.activeLineIndex
+            EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
-        }
+                previousText: lastStyledText,
-
+                currentText: text,
-        private func renderReason(for text: String) -> EditorRenderReason {
+                previousActiveLineIndex: lastStyledActiveLineIndex,
-            if lastStyledText == nil {
+                currentActiveLineIndex: parent.activeLineIndex
-                return .initial
+            )
-            }
-            if lastStyledText != text {
-                return .sourceChange
-            }
-            if lastStyledActiveLineIndex != parent.activeLineIndex {
-                return .activeLineChange
-            }
-            return .viewUpdate
         }
 
         private func clampedContentOffset(_ offset: CGPoint, in textView: UITextView) -> CGPoint {
@@ -541,6 +552,13 @@ private struct NativeMarkdownTextView: UIViewRepresentable {
 }
 #endif
 
+private struct MarkdownTextStylingResult {
+    var totalLineCount: Int
+    var styledLineCount: Int
+
+    static let empty = MarkdownTextStylingResult(totalLineCount: 0, styledLineCount: 0)
+}
+
 private enum MarkdownTextStyler {
     #if os(macOS)
     typealias PlatformColor = NSColor
@@ -551,23 +569,37 @@ private enum MarkdownTextStyler {
     @discardableResult
     static func apply(
         to textStorage: NSTextStorage,
+        invalidationPlan: EditorDirtyLineInvalidationPlan,
         activeLineIndex: Int,
         backgroundColor: PlatformColor,
         activeLineBackgroundColor: PlatformColor,
         textColor: PlatformColor,
         secondaryTextColor: PlatformColor,
         accentColor: PlatformColor
-    ) -> Int {
+    ) -> MarkdownTextStylingResult {
         let source = textStorage.string as NSString
         let fullRange = NSRange(location: 0, length: source.length)
         let lines = EditorActiveLineTracker.lines(from: source as String, activeLineIndex: activeLineIndex)
-        guard fullRange.length > 0 else { return lines.count }
+        guard fullRange.length > 0 else {
+            return MarkdownTextStylingResult(totalLineCount: lines.count, styledLineCount: lines.count)
+        }
 
         textStorage.beginEditing()
-        textStorage.setAttributes(baseAttributes(textColor: textColor), range: fullRange)
+        if invalidationPlan.isFullRender {
+            textStorage.setAttributes(baseAttributes(textColor: textColor), range: fullRange)
+        }
 
         let renderer = HybridMarkdownLineRenderer()
+        let dirtyLineIndexes = Set(invalidationPlan.dirtyLineIndexes)
+        var styledLineCount = 0
         for line in lines {
+            guard invalidationPlan.isFullRender || dirtyLineIndexes.contains(line.index) else {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            resetAttributes(in: textStorage, line: line, textColor: textColor)
+            styledLineCount += 1
+
             if line.index == activeLineIndex {
                 textStorage.addAttributes([
                     .backgroundColor: activeLineBackgroundColor,
@@ -586,7 +618,16 @@ private enum MarkdownTextStyler {
         }
 
         textStorage.endEditing()
-        return lines.count
+        return MarkdownTextStylingResult(totalLineCount: lines.count, styledLineCount: styledLineCount)
+    }
+
+    private static func resetAttributes(
+        in textStorage: NSTextStorage,
+        line: EditorLine,
+        textColor: PlatformColor
+    ) {
+        guard line.range.length > 0 else { return }
+        textStorage.setAttributes(baseAttributes(textColor: textColor), range: line.range)
     }
 
     private static func styleRenderedLine(

Tests/SaplingEditorTests/EditorCursorRegressionTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import SaplingEditor
+
+final class EditorCursorRegressionTests: XCTestCase {
+    func testCursorMovementUpdatesActiveLineWithoutChangingSelectionLength() {
+        let source = "Alpha\nBeta\nGamma"
+        var state = EditorState(document: document(source: source))
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: location(of: "Beta", in: source), length: 0))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.selection, EditorSelection(location: 6, length: 0))
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeColumnNumber, 1)
+    }
+
+    func testSelectionChangeWithinLinePreservesActiveLine() {
+        let source = "Alpha\nBeta\nGamma"
+        var state = EditorState(document: document(source: source))
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: location(of: "eta", in: source), length: 2))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.selection.length, 2)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeColumnNumber, 2)
+    }
+
+    func testMultiLineSelectionUsesSelectionAnchorForActiveLine() {
+        let source = "Alpha\nBeta\nGamma"
+        var state = EditorState(document: document(source: source))
+        let anchor = location(of: "Beta", in: source)
+        let end = location(of: "Gamma", in: source) + "Gamma".utf16.count
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: anchor, length: end - anchor))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.selection.location, anchor)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.selection.length, 10)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 1)
+    }
+
+    func testInsertionKeepsCursorAndActiveLineOnEditedLine() {
+        let source = "Alpha\nBeta\nGamma"
+        let updated = "Alpha\nBeta updated\nGamma"
+        var state = EditorState(document: document(source: source))
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: location(of: "Beta", in: source) + 4, length: 0))
+        state.updateSource(updated)
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: location(of: "updated", in: updated) + 7, length: 0))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeColumnNumber, 13)
+    }
+
+    func testDeletionClampsSelectionAndActiveLine() {
+        let source = "Alpha\nBeta\nGamma"
+        var state = EditorState(document: document(source: source))
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: source.utf16.count, length: 0))
+        state.updateSource("Alpha")
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.selection.location, 5)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.selection.length, 0)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 0)
+    }
+
+    func testLineBreakMovesActiveLineAfterNativeSelectionUpdate() {
+        let source = "Alpha Beta"
+        let updated = "Alpha\n Beta"
+        var state = EditorState(document: document(source: source))
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: 5, length: 0))
+        state.updateSource(updated)
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: 6, length: 0))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeColumnNumber, 1)
+    }
+
+    func testActiveLineTransitionsAcrossDocument() {
+        let source = "One\nTwo\nThree\nFour"
+        var state = EditorState(document: document(source: source))
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: location(of: "Four", in: source), length: 0))
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 3)
+
+        state.updateSelection(EditorSelection(location: location(of: "One", in: source), length: 0))
+        XCTAssertEqual(state.activeLineIndex, 0)
+    }
+
+    private func document(source: String) -> EditorDocument {
+        EditorDocument(
+            url: URL(fileURLWithPath: "/tmp/EditorCursorRegressionTests.md"),
+            title: "EditorCursorRegressionTests",
+            source: source
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func location(of needle: String, in source: String) -> Int {
+        (source as NSString).range(of: needle).location
+    }
+}

Tests/SaplingEditorTests/EditorDirtyLineInvalidationTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import SaplingEditor
+
+final class EditorDirtyLineInvalidationTests: XCTestCase {
+    func testInitialRenderTouchesEveryLine() {
+        let source = "One\nTwo\nThree"
+
+        let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: nil,
+            currentText: source,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: nil,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 0
+        )
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.reason, .initial)
+        XCTAssertTrue(plan.isFullRender)
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.dirtyLineIndexes, [0, 1, 2])
+    }
+
+    func testActiveLineChangeTouchesOnlyPreviousAndCurrentActiveLines() {
+        let source = "One\nTwo\nThree\nFour"
+
+        let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: source,
+            currentText: source,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 1,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 3
+        )
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.reason, .activeLineChange)
+        XCTAssertFalse(plan.isFullRender)
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.dirtyLineIndexes, [1, 3])
+    }
+
+    func testSingleLineEditTouchesChangedLineAndNeighbors() {
+        let previous = "One\nTwo\nThree\nFour\nFive"
+        let current = "One\nTwo\nThree updated\nFour\nFive"
+
+        let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: previous,
+            currentText: current,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 2,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 2
+        )
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.reason, .sourceChange)
+        XCTAssertFalse(plan.isFullRender)
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.dirtyLineIndexes, [1, 2, 3])
+    }
+
+    func testLineBreakInsertionTouchesSplitLineAndNeighbors() {
+        let previous = "One\nTwo three\nFour"
+        let current = "One\nTwo\nthree\nFour"
+
+        let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: previous,
+            currentText: current,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 1,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 2
+        )
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.reason, .sourceChange)
+        XCTAssertFalse(plan.isFullRender)
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.dirtyLineIndexes, [0, 1, 2])
+    }
+
+    func testUnchangedViewUpdateDoesNotRequireStyling() {
+        let source = "One\nTwo"
+
+        let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: source,
+            currentText: source,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 1,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 1
+        )
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.reason, .viewUpdate)
+        XCTAssertFalse(plan.requiresStyling)
+        XCTAssertTrue(plan.dirtyLineIndexes.isEmpty)
+    }
+}

Tests/SaplingEditorTests/EditorLargeDocumentValidationTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import SaplingEditor
+
+final class EditorLargeDocumentValidationTests: XCTestCase {
+    func testLargeDocumentOpenAndDirtyRenderPlanning() {
+        for lineCount in [1_000, 5_000, 10_000] {
+            let source = Self.prototypeDocument(lineCount: lineCount)
+            let activeLineIndex = lineCount / 2
+
+            let openMeasurement = elapsedTime {
+                _ = EditorState(
+                    document: document(source: source, lineCount: lineCount),
+                    activeLineIndex: activeLineIndex
+                )
+            }
+
+            let updatedSource = Self.replacingLine(
+                activeLineIndex,
+                in: source,
+                with: "Line \(activeLineIndex + 1) edited with **bold** and `inline code`."
+            )
+            let updateMeasurement = elapsedTime {
+                var state = EditorState(
+                    document: document(source: source, lineCount: lineCount),
+                    activeLineIndex: activeLineIndex
+                )
+                state.updateSource(updatedSource)
+                _ = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+                    previousText: source,
+                    currentText: updatedSource,
+                    previousActiveLineIndex: activeLineIndex,
+                    currentActiveLineIndex: activeLineIndex
+                )
+            }
+            let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+                previousText: source,
+                currentText: updatedSource,
+                previousActiveLineIndex: activeLineIndex,
+                currentActiveLineIndex: activeLineIndex
+            )
+            let dirtyRenderMeasurement = elapsedTime {
+                let lines = EditorActiveLineTracker.lines(from: updatedSource, activeLineIndex: activeLineIndex)
+                let dirty = Set(plan.dirtyLineIndexes)
+                let renderer = HybridMarkdownLineRenderer()
+                _ = lines
+                    .filter { dirty.contains($0.index) }
+                    .map(renderer.renderPlan(for:))
+            }
+
+            XCTAssertEqual(EditorActiveLineTracker.lines(from: source, activeLineIndex: activeLineIndex).count, lineCount)
+            XCTAssertFalse(plan.isFullRender)
+            XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual(plan.dirtyLineCount, 3)
+            XCTAssertLessThan(openMeasurement, 0.25, "Opening \(lineCount) generated lines should remain interactive.")
+            XCTAssertLessThan(updateMeasurement, 0.50, "State update for \(lineCount) lines should remain bounded.")
+            XCTAssertLessThan(dirtyRenderMeasurement, 0.05, "Dirty render planning should not scale with the full document.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    func testLargeDocumentActiveLineNavigationDoesNotScheduleFullRender() {
+        let source = Self.prototypeDocument(lineCount: 10_000)
+
+        let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: source,
+            currentText: source,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 250,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 9_750
+        )
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.reason, .activeLineChange)
+        XCTAssertFalse(plan.isFullRender)
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.dirtyLineIndexes, [250, 9_750])
+    }
+
+    private func document(source: String, lineCount: Int) -> EditorDocument {
+        EditorDocument(
+            url: URL(fileURLWithPath: "/tmp/EditorLargeDocument-\(lineCount).md"),
+            title: "EditorLargeDocument-\(lineCount)",
+            source: source
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func elapsedTime(_ operation: () -> Void) -> TimeInterval {
+        let start = Date()
+        operation()
+        return Date().timeIntervalSince(start)
+    }
+
+    private static func prototypeDocument(lineCount: Int) -> String {
+        (1...lineCount).map { index in
+            if index.isMultiple(of: 25) {
+                return "## Section \(index / 25)"
+            }
+            if index.isMultiple(of: 5) {
+                return "Line \(index) uses **bold** context and `inline code` for scanning."
+            }
+            return "Line \(index) is a realistic paragraph with *light emphasis* and enough text to wrap naturally."
+        }
+        .joined(separator: "\n")
+    }
+
+    private static func replacingLine(_ lineIndex: Int, in source: String, with replacement: String) -> String {
+        var lines = source.components(separatedBy: "\n")
+        lines[lineIndex] = replacement
+        return lines.joined(separator: "\n")
+    }
+}

Tests/SaplingEditorTests/EditorScrollStabilityTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import SaplingEditor
+
+final class EditorScrollStabilityTests: XCTestCase {
+    func testRenderMetricsCountScrollRestorationDuringDirtyEdit() {
+        var instrumentation = EditorInstrumentationSnapshot()
+        instrumentation.recordRenderPass(EditorRenderPassMetric(
+            reason: .sourceChange,
+            durationMilliseconds: 0.4,
+            characterCount: 1_200,
+            lineCount: 80,
+            dirtyLineCount: 3,
+            activeLineIndex: 40,
+            isFullRender: false,
+            restoredScrollPosition: true
+        ))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(instrumentation.renderPassCount, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(instrumentation.fullRenderCount, 0)
+        XCTAssertEqual(instrumentation.totalDirtyLineCount, 3)
+        XCTAssertEqual(instrumentation.lastDirtyLineCount, 3)
+        XCTAssertEqual(instrumentation.scrollRestorationCount, 1)
+    }
+
+    func testRapidNavigationSchedulesOnlyOldAndNewActiveLines() {
+        let source = (1...500).map { "Line \($0)" }.joined(separator: "\n")
+
+        let firstJump = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: source,
+            currentText: source,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 10,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 250
+        )
+        let secondJump = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: source,
+            currentText: source,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 250,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 490
+        )
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(firstJump.dirtyLineIndexes, [10, 250])
+        XCTAssertEqual(secondJump.dirtyLineIndexes, [250, 490])
+        XCTAssertFalse(firstJump.isFullRender)
+        XCTAssertFalse(secondJump.isFullRender)
+    }
+
+    func testEditingWhileScrolledDoesNotRequireFullRender() {
+        let previous = (1...200).map { "Line \($0)" }.joined(separator: "\n")
+        var lines = previous.components(separatedBy: "\n")
+        lines[120] = "Line 121 edited while viewport is away from the top"
+        let current = lines.joined(separator: "\n")
+
+        let plan = EditorDirtyLineInvalidator.plan(
+            previousText: previous,
+            currentText: current,
+            previousActiveLineIndex: 120,
+            currentActiveLineIndex: 120
+        )
+        var instrumentation = EditorInstrumentationSnapshot()
+        instrumentation.recordRenderPass(EditorRenderPassMetric(
+            reason: plan.reason,
+            durationMilliseconds: 0.5,
+            characterCount: current.utf16.count,
+            lineCount: 200,
+            dirtyLineCount: plan.dirtyLineCount,
+            activeLineIndex: 120,
+            isFullRender: plan.isFullRender,
+            restoredScrollPosition: true
+        ))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.reason, .sourceChange)
+        XCTAssertFalse(plan.isFullRender)
+        XCTAssertEqual(plan.dirtyLineIndexes, [119, 120, 121])
+        XCTAssertEqual(instrumentation.scrollRestorationCount, 1)
+    }
+}